Effectiveness of Killing Yeast with Pepper Essays - Medicine, Cancer

Effectiveness of Killing Yeast with Pepper Or Cancer Treatment Project By: Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a \"treatment\" created by pepper and water on cancer cells with varying amounts of the critical ingredient, pepper. Since I am not able to obtain cancer cells for the project I used yeast cells to stimulate cancer cells. I hypothesize that an exponential increase in concentration will result in a linear trend in the ratio of dead cells to cells due to an effect similar to Haber's law (but logarithmic instead of inverse polynomial). I believe this because it is quite clear the relation cannot be linear and since an increase in concentration will only increase the chances of a given cell dying. This is analogous to radioactive decay which is of course, exponential. Materials: Dropper 6 test tubes 1 for yeast to grow in Microscope Bromothymol Blue Distilled water Black Pepper Pestle and Mortar Yeast Sugar 6 slides and slide covers Procedure:1) Put an equal mass of sugar and yeast into a test tube. 2) Fill the test tube with water until it covers the yeast and sugar 3) Prepare the solutions of black pepper (instructions on this can be found within the appendix) 4) Wait for a day until the yeast cells grow. 5) Add 0.5ml of the yeast cell solution to each black pepper solution using a dropper. 6) Wait for another day for the yeast cells to die. 7) Using a dropper drop 1 drop on a slide for every single test tube of black pepper solution. Do not forget which slide is which. 8) Add 1 drop of bromothymol blue to each slide. This allows easy comparison between dead and alive cells as dead cells won't be able to keep it out of the cell. 9) Place the cover slide on the slide. 10) Observe the slides and collect data. Observations/Results: This graph very clearly supports and exponential relation between the percent of cells killed and the concentration of the solution (logarithmic the other way around). As expected, an exponential increase in concentration resulted in a linear increase ratio of cells killed. However with only 6 data points there is not enough evidence to conclude this with statistical significance any greater than p 0.2. The following are pictures I obtained from the samples, all at 1000x magnification. Concentrate (100%): 50% Solution: 10% Solution: 1% Solution: 0.1% Solution: 0.01% Solution: Discussion: I cannot say for certain whether pepper will be effective in killing cancer cells and hence a possible chemotherapy. The experiment I have done is with yeast and even then with only a very limited data set. Given the data I have collected here I hypothesize that pepper would be good at killing off cancer cells. Using only 0.5 g of the substance (with 25 mL water) resulted in killing around 60% of the yeast cells and extrapolating from the data I have obtained 5 g could possibly kill around 70% and 50 g, 80%. I recommend researching the effectiveness of pepper further as it's a very cheap substance and definitely worth trying based on my results. If solutions with pepper work as well on cancer cells as they do on yeast cells it would revolutionize modern cancer treatments with an inexpensive alternative to traditional chemotherapy drugs. This could potentially remove most side effects associated with chemotherapy including: Hair loss, lower white and red blood cell count, nausea, etc. as pepper is, of course, edible and safe (for the most part). Even if pepper wasn't found to be as effective as I believe it might still be used in conjunction with other drugs in the chemotherapy process because of how small initial amounts were effective (at least within my experiment). Conclusion: Black pepper is an effective way to kill yeast cells and may be effective against cancer cells. An exponential increase in the amount of pepper only gives a linear trend for the amount of dead cells. My hypothesis was confirmed. Appendix: Pre-lab Questions: Cancer is defined as abnormal cell growth. All cancers have the following in common: limitless cell division, no apoptosis, and the ability to form new blood cells (angiogenesis). Cancer is deadly if not treated because it causes growth of tumors in vital organs. While a tumor on its own is not deadly if it is

Points To Consider Example

Points To Consider Example Points To Consider – Article Example The Allegory of the Cave by Plato Question According to Plato, he believes that people do have different ideas and also that these ideas are innate. They surpass all the knowledge that individuals gain through their own experience. He believes that is not easy to change the ideas that people have since it has taken them years for such ideas to be seared into their minds. The only way that people can change is by having dialect reasoning and being open-minded about the surroundings and the environment around them. He claimed that education given to students was not about putting words into minds that were empty. It was about making people come to realize that they already knew what they were being taught and they did not know it. For example, it is not easy to change a person’s way of life like their culture since they believe in it; but is the right channel is used, then there is a way to channel the individual from their path (Plato, 102). Question 2 According to Pluto, one o f the most important things to undergo is change. But even as people undergo change, they should not become lost in it that they forget themselves. One of the most important ways in which one can make sure that they maintain their status quo is through their beliefs. Change is inevitable, and people must conform to change while still maintaining their status quo. It is not an option that people do change and still manage to maintain their status quo. An example from real life can be seen by the embrace of technology. Many people have embraced technology while still remaining true to their culture and their status quo intact (Plato, 122). Question 3 The role of the legislator, according to Pluto, is to have high moral responsibility in order to guide the people in a kingly way. Their task was to achieve enlightenment in order to lead the people. An example can be taken from the few leaders of today who stand for that truth. Their main duty is to unshackle their people from the chains that bound them from succeeding and forging ahead (Plato, 160). Question 4 Leadership can bring two results; positive influence or negative influence, and in particular on change. Leaders do play a very important role in determining whether the change will be positive of negative. Depending on the change methods that are used, their effectiveness around and in an organization can bring a lot of change. Leadership that is required should be strong, clear and motivational. There should be the presence of support, communication, participation, and planning (Plato, 202). Plato.  The Allegory of the Cave. Brea, CA: P & L Publication, 2010. Print.

President Obama Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

President Obama - Essay Example The reality of his performance, however, has been subject to serious scrutiny. Barack Obama is the 44th president of the United States. Having a Kenyan father and spending some time in Indonesia, Obama is considered as a representative of the American Story of success (White House, 2011). He is also the winner of the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize. He made history in 2008 when he won the U.S. presidential election. But who is Barack Obama, the individual? Answering that question is much more difficult than it seems. Belonging to a family headed by a Kenyan father and his childhood spent in Jakarta definitely separates him from the long line of presidents hailing, almost exclusively, from the native land. More fruitful for understanding who he is and what he is about is the portrait of a highly ambitious politician with the self-assurance that stems from a stellar Ivy League record, a wife to match and early electoral successes. These are the traits that do not, as an understatement, represen t the average African American. Hence his ‘African Americanism’ is not part of his core identity. He is analogous to any previous or forthcoming American president in all relevant ways. We must, however, agree to acknowledge this accomplishment and consider it a benchmark for years to come. Despite his African American reality, Obama was able to attract scores of people to support him before being the president elect, and even before being the first choice candidate for the democrats. The enormity of his achievement is summarized by the fact that not only is he the first African American president, he is also one of the few presidents to live up to his word post election. Michelle Obama has also been a source of inspiration for many Americans. Not only is she the first African American lady, she is also a philanthropist, activist and ardent supporter of her husband’s policies. Her contribution is not limited to the advice she gives to her husband on the administr ative front, rather he unwavering support and love for the president acts as a source of peace and serenity. The president often quotes her to be as the source of love and calm in her life. She is not only fulfilling her duties as a first lady, she is also fulfilling her responsibilities as a mother, wife and patron of the family at the fullest. This is what any working man needs, and given the fact that her man is the most important man in the world, she is definitely not disappointing anyone in making life easy for him. Analyzing his reign: The first two years of Barack Obama’s reign saw the compilation of a substantial amount of policy accomplishment. The major changes and policy initiatives undertaken by his government include the economic stimulus ( meant to correct the mess created by years of non-regulation and poor foresight by previous policy makers), bringing a substantial recovery to the financial system, aiding two of the major auto makers of the United States, th e universal healthcare program, the increasing initiative and reform for financial regulation and significant changes in the foreign policy, especially with respect to Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan. The foreign policy of Barack Obama’s office is often compared with that of the President Bush’s reign. The Bush doctrine saw a turn in US foreign policy, marked by full scale militarization and the unilateralism in achieving the objective of defending the US security and its vital interest, irrespective of other countries, and by establishing US hegemony in the world. Obama’s foreign policy strategy aims at reaffirming US leadership in a changing

HCM611-0803A-01 Managing the Health Care Organization - Phase 2 Essay

HCM611-0803A-01 Managing the Health Care Organization - Phase 2 Discussion Board - Essay Example The prospective nurse should be informed about the world of opportunities available to the nurse under the regulated working environment. Further, the hospital should instil a thought in the nurse that they have a great responsibility to the society. The job of a nurse in a challenging atmosphere need not be dealing with the patient alone but the nurse has opportunities to adorn the role of an administrator or teacher. This is one job that can bring a meaningful change to the lives of people. The vacancy of nurses due to work pressure and retirement can be solved by encouraging nurses to realise the need for social work while finding job satisfaction for oneself by caring for the sick and maintaining the health of the public. The role of nurse lies in shaping and implementing policies for the health care system (Nurses launch public awareness, 2008). The successful implementation of policies and procedures can be achieved by creating a realisation among employees on the need for patient satisfaction, reduction of cost, reduction in errors and the need to exhibit high levels of efficiency. The prospective nurse should be taught about the importance of reducing cost by eradicating wastage at work. Prospective nurses should be briefed about handling the Emergency Department with ease even in the busiest of times and they should be assured of support from the hospital in dealing with the crowd by applying the methods like lean principle. This principle was actually used in the manufacturing sector but yields good results when applied to the health care system also. Lean principle gives importance to reduce waste, decrease production time, increase capacity, improve workflow and reduce cost. The hospital can ensure prospective employees about professional support from time to time to improve workflow and organisation of duty and assure them that there will be no duplication of work and unnecessary

Ballet and Modern Dance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ballet and Modern Dance - Essay Example Several cultures around the world have also been introduced into the dance in an attempt to make it more understandable in their own context. The dance style was introduced in France by Catherine de Medici when she got married to the king of France and it was mainly performed in the royal courts. Some of the initial costumes for the dance included masks, pantaloons, various ornaments, headdresses as well as other designed outfits (Anderson, 2008). The dance steps were composed of slides, slight hops, curtsies, gentle moves and promenades. The shoes commonly used for the dance in the early times were made up of small heels to increase ease of movement. Currently, there exist three main styles of ballet namely contemporary ballet, classical ballet and neoclassical ballet. Classical ballet is a form that is deeply entrenched on the ancient ballet techniques and vocabularies. The neoclassical version deviates from the classical ballet in the sense that it has non-traditional feats as well as unusually fast moving tempos. The contemporary style is composed of the classical ballet techniques and the modern dance methods. The modern dance began in the 19th century and extended to the early 20th century in the U.S.A and Germany. This dance style was established as a means of responding directly to ballet performances through the refusal of its codified motions and the narrative forms. The modern dance consists of a wide range of styles which were defined by the various artists who took part in it. In ballet, the movements commonly known as line take various forms which include diagonal, horizontal and vertical. The vertical lines in which the dances make slight sequential jumps indicate elegance, grandeur as well as strength while the diagonal lines are signs of movements. In modern dance the lines normally adopted by the dances is horizontal line which indicates calm, placidity as well as repose. Repetition which is common phenomena in all

The Manager Of Subway Supacenta On Improving Management

The Manager Of Subway Supacenta On Improving Management Subway SupaCenta Manukau wanted to explore and research about the possible factors that are influencing the customer service satisfaction. The research report included the current trends and circumstances that may or may not affect the performance of the Subway SupaCenta. The researcher did a pilot study to explore and examine the possible problems and factors that has adverse effects on the overall customer service satisfaction. After a preliminary study some general problems were found like communication among staff members and with the customers, unreliable suppliers, lack of motivation among staff members, cultural differences, wastage of food etc. All these problems lead to poor customer service and ends up with many customer complaints because the customers were not satisfied with the service provided by the staff members. After a thorough study, author identifies the main problem as lack of motivation in staff members. Author used quantitative as well as qualitative techniques to investigate more about these problems. The author used many methods to research about all the problems. The main techniques used by the author are document analysis, questionnaires, observations, interviews. Document analysis provides a lot more information about the working schedules, operations manual and sales. The author was able to work on these documents to analyze the current situation. Questionnaires were used to get the information from customers. Interviews were conducted with manager and assistant manager to get more information from top level. So the overall problem identification research was conducted with the use of various techniques and methods and various management theories were used in the whole process. In the end conclusions were drawn based on the findings and relevant recommendations were provided. Introduction The Setting Subway SupaCenta is a fast food restaurant located in SupaCenta in Manukau. Subway is very popular because of the healthy food products. It is growing rapidly in the country and whole world. It is famous for the fresh food products made in front of the customers with a quick and friendly customer service. Subway is in a high demand for health conscious people. At the time of this high demand among people, Subway is struggling because of various internal and external problems that trigger the poor customer service. The author selected this organization to examine the issues and factors that create the problems and affect the overall performance. This investigation examines the administration, management and staff level factors that cause adverse effects on the overall organization performance. The Business Problem The business problem is identified as lack of motivation among the staff members which cause the poor customer service. All the other problems like communication, wastage of food, cultural differences are interlinked with the motivation problem and organizational structure. This business problem involves the organization culture, routine work, management etc. Motivation Problem (Poor Customer Service) Communication Problem Wastage of Food Shortage of Staff Cultural Differences Miscellaneous Problems Figure 1. Factors affecting Customer Service This research is completed by answering the below given questions. These questions are suitable and relevant to the organization and identified problem. There is a huge opportunity to investigate and find out the possible solutions and recommendations: What are the organizational factors that influence the performance of the staff members? What are the process factors which contribute to the customer service? What are the motivation problems in the Subway SupaCenta? What people factors influence the customer service at Subway SupaCenta? The Value of Research The research is adequate and relevant for the organization to examine and improve the customer service satisfaction. This valuable investigation report presents the current organization procedure and policies, culture, trends and provides the possible recommendations for both internal and external factors. This research will provide the current scenario of the organization which will help the management to put extra efforts where needed. The researcher focused on all the aspects of lack of motivation which could lead to poor customer service. The author provided a clear picture of the aspects affecting the performance using various techniques and analysis. To achieve the organizational goals, management have to deal with these aspects to maximize the productivity and increase the performance. This will bring effectiveness and efficiency in the organization. The Aim and Purpose The aim of this research study is to provide the possible recommendations for the problems in Subway SupaCenta that are identified at earlier stage of this research project. The author provided the possible aspects that trigger the poor customer service which is generated by lack of motivation. Lack of motivation covers current culture, system, management, policies and procedures. The purpose of the study is to improve the customer service satisfaction by motivating the staff members. The purpose includes the possible policy implementations to achieve the desired overall performance. To improve the service, achieve the aim and fulfil the purpose, this research study tries to answer some questions: What are the possible factors affecting the customer service? Why staff members are unmotivated? When there is a need for extra efforts? Who should motivate the staff members? How the staff members will be motivated? Figure 2. Customer service in Action Methodology The Author used qualitative as well as quantitative research instruments to investigate thoroughly about the identified business problem. These instruments provide the logical and analytical information about the current situation. In this research report, author used the below given research instruments: 1. Document Analysis 2. Questionnaires 3. Observation 4. Interviews The methodology and research instruments used in this research report are quite relevant to find out the problem factors and other things that influence the customer service satisfaction. 1. Document Analysis The author was able to do document analysis of company documents. In document analysis, the author research and examine the company sales figures, company operations manual, rosters, company pamphlets etc. Document analysis is very useful resource to examine the company strengths, weaknesses, and also the opportunities with possible threats. Official documents like sales figures were used to check when the company is making huge sales or when its sales are going down. Rosters were also analyzed to check that who is doing the specific shifts and if there is any biasing in the rosters etc. Operations manual of the company was also analyzed to check if the company is doing good and in the proper way as they described or not. 2. Questionnaire Questionnaire was used in this research project. Author asked for permission from the store manager of Subway before using this method. After getting the approval from manager Mr. Shea Tipene author used the questionnaire to collect the qualitative data. Two different questionnaires were prepared for staff and customers. The questionnaire was given to 4 staff members and 8 customers. The researcher especially used this method to collect information from the operational environment. The author uses the technique in a very honest way and didnt try to alter the information in any form. The questionnaires are given as appendix at the end of the report. 3. Observation The researcher used this method to explore the natural scene without any biased assumptions. The permission was taken from the manager to perform this action and he approved it. Observation helps to bring the natural activity. It gives the opportunity to examine the whole process at the level of the subject. This method helped the author to achieve a personal experience with high understanding. Observation was very helpful to get information about staff-customer relationships and also the relationships among all the staff members which shows that how they are coordinating with each other to accomplish their duties. 4. Interview Author used the interview as a technique for this research project. It is very useful to collect qualitative information through formal interviews. The researcher interviewed the manager Mr. Shea Tipene and assistant manger Mr. Jasdeep Singh. In this process, the researcher was very honest and didnt use any emotive language or biased opinion to influence the interviewee. The unstructured interview is best to use when the researcher has general ideas about the topic. Author asked the permission from the manager and assistant manager to conduct the interview. After the final approval, the author prepared the questions for interview. The author was careful while preparing the interview questions so that there are no suggestive or aggressive questions that may offend some people. Author aims to be natural at the time of interview and not the person with some special role or powers. The interview questions are given as appendix at the end of the report. Strengths and Limitations of the Study There are many strengths and limitations to this study. These are given below: Strengths: This study helps to analyze the verbal and non-verbal behaviour of staff members and customers to understand the exact situation. It helps to portray perspectives and pass on the feelings and experiences. It helps to find out the existing problems with the factors that affect the working environment. It provides the useful recommendations for the management to improve the customer service in store. Limitations: Time frame for the study was limited. It took more time to research and analyze as compared to the schedule. Qualitative study is often criticised as being biased, time consuming and useless. Lack of precision is another limitation of this study because in some cases the author may try to use their own views or biasing which could lead to wrong results. Qualitative also lacks any statistical data values which look more promising and real. Management Theory Fish-Bone Analysis The author used the Fish-bone analysis to examine the problems that causes the customer dissatisfaction. This analysis provides a clear picture of what are the key problems that cause the main big problem. This is very suitable problem solving technique because it covers all the aspects of causes that contribute to the big problem. It is very important to explore all the possible causes before starting to solve the problem. A diagram for the Cause and Effect problem solving technique is given below: Figure 3. Fish-Bone Analysis Possible causes as given above in the starting of the report that contribute to the poor customer service are lack of communication, lack of knowledge, wastage of food, lack of power. All these problems arise due to the motivation problem. Employees are not motivated and they dont feel themselves as a part of the store. So if they are not motivated they will try to avoid their responsibilities and will not like to work effectively. The given management theory is relevant for the identified business problem of lack of motivation in customer service among staff members. It is reasonably feasible and relevant to the company because the aim of the company is to provide quality food products with great service. If the customer service in the company is not up to the standards, it will affect the productivity and company will loose the profits. Lack of motivation can led to various problems like wastage of food, misbehave with customers, negative work environment etc. So the fish-bone analysis provides a clearer picture of what is actually happening in store. So this method is quite relevant and feasible to the given problem and will provide relevant results to improve the service and productivity of the store. Results and Discussion 1. Document Analysis The author used the document analysis technique to find out the reasons of problems related to the poor customer service. Staff was not feeling motivated because there are too many problems in store that lead to poor customer satisfaction. The author used the documents like rosters and Subway operations manual to find out what is main reason behind their low motivation. The author checked the roster of 4 weeks to find out how the staff members are getting hours. The roster was mainly analyzed for 4 staff members on an average to find out the result. Figure 4. Staff hours for four Weeks So the above graph shows that there is a huge difference of shifts between staff members. So some staff members getting more hours that the others that affects their performance. Here in this case Aashish is getting more hours than other staff members whereas Wini is doing an average hours but other staff members are getting less hours. The above graph represents that there is a case of biasing in giving staff hours among staff members. The staff members that are getting more hours will be more motivated than other staff members. The employee that gets less hours will feel dissatisfied and will not like to work honestly, efficiently and up-to his best possible efforts. They will not feel valued and will try to avoid their responsibilities which could lead to poor communication, poor customer service and overall poor performance. The author also used the Subway operations manual which discusses about the motivation among staff members. It describes that management should motivate staff members as much as possible to get the best out of them. If the employees are motivated they will feel valued and will work honestly and effectively to get the best results which will increase their productivity and service performance. 2. Questionnaire The author used the questionnaires to collect the qualitative information from the customers and staff members to find out the possible reasons and factors that affect the performance of the employees. The author provided two different questionnaires for staff and customers. Staff Questionnaire Answer Figure 5. Questionnaire response from Staff The results of the questionnaire shows that the employees are not satisfied with their job. They dont like the management, the salary or fairness towards all the staff members. It shows that they are not motivated and feels unhappy when performing their jobs. This whole process affects their performance which in turn decreases the productivity and customer satisfaction. Customer Questionnaire Figure 6. Questionnaire Response from Customers The customer questionnaire shows that there is big percentage of customers that are not dissatisfied with the customer service of the store. They feel de-motivated and dont like to visit the store again. Store is doing well in terms of sales because of its location but the service performance level is going down which is a big problem for the business. 3. Observation The author used observation technique to collect the qualitative data. The results of observation provide a quite big picture which shows the problem factors. This technique provides enough information about the contributing factors and their percentage. To observe the current situation of the store, the author visited the store 4 times in 2 weeks to get the multiple results. For two days author visited the store in the lunch time and for other two days he visited the store in evening just before the dinner time. Figure 7. Observation Results. So the above graph represents that there are too many problems in store that contribute to the poor customer service. Employees lacks in communication. They try to avoid customers which bring the negative feedback from customer. Employees are not trained properly and they have less knowledge about the nutritional facts of the sandwiches which is another big problem. If some customer asked for some information, the staff members are unable to provide the up to date information to that related topic. So the above graph shows that communication is the biggest problem in this store. They need to improve the communication skills to improve the overall productivity of the staff. According to the Subway operations manual, the staff members should be aware of everything that they selling so proper training is needed to improve the service All the above given factors are a result of the lack of motivation. These factors are influenced by the motivation factor. If the staff members are not motivated then they will not show willingness to learn new things and get the training about the proper policy and procedures. 4. Interviews The author conducted two different interviews with store manager Mr. Shea Tipene and assistant manager Mr. Jasdeep Singh. Formal permission was taken from the manager before interview. The interview shows that the manager Shea Tipene has the full control over the store management and employees. He likes the authoritarian approach in store. The interview questions and answers are provided in the appendices. The results of the interview with Mr. Shea Tipene represent him as an autocratic leader which makes it difficult for other employees to talk to him if they need. The results are shown as a chart below: Figure 8. Interview Results from Manager. After conducting the interview with store manager author also conducted a second interview with assistant manager Mr. Jasdeep Singh. The interview statistics shows that Mr. Jasdeep Singh is very democratic person. He loves to talk to employees and get their comments to improve the service. But he got fewer powers than store manager so in some cases he feels helpless to do some specific activity. Figure 9. Interview results from Assistant Manager. So the above graph represents that he is a democratic leader which loves to talk to employees to solve problem, improve performance and improve the overall productivity and efficiency. A List of Possible Solutions and their Consequences There are a lot of possible solutions that are useful to solve the problems of this store. A list of possible solutions and consequences is given below in a table format. No. Solutions Consequences 1 More training to staff members. Management need to spend more money. 2. Delegation of Powers. Management need to divide authority powers should provide more responsibilities and power to assistant manager. 3. Benefits and Allowances. Management need to spend more money 4. Fairness. Management should set the standard to provide a fair opportunity for everyone. So everyone should be treated equally and should get equal opportunities. 5. Education Management should provide education about customer service and provide courses through Subway University. Table 1. A List of Possible Solutions and their Consequences McGregors XY Management Theory The author used the McGregors XY Theory of management to examine and analyze the problems in Subway SupaCenta store. McGregors XY theory helps to improve the organizational cultural and development. McGregor provide fundamental approach to manage the people and businesses. This theory provides two sub theories X and Y. Some managers use theory X which is mainly authoritarian management style and some manager use theory Y which is more democratic and participative kind of management style. Figure 10. McGregors Theory X Y The management theory used in this research project is very relevant to analyze the situations in Subway. This provides the information about current management style in store and the effects of the particular management style. This theory recommends that the people can perform better if they are motivated properly by the top management. Encouraging the participation brings the motivation in employees. This theory explains that the people are not lazy by nature but if they get a right amount of motivation then they can bring the best out of them. Theory Y encourages team work, removing obstacles, providing the guidance to increase the productivity and growth. These techniques will help the organization to match the goal of the employees with organizational goals. Theory X and Theory Y are quite different from each other. Theory X is more conservative, authoritarian, rigid and static but theory Y is more flexible, dynamic and progressive with a feeling of optimism. This theory encoura ges self-direction and integration of goals. The given management XY management theory is quite relevant to the business problem. Theory X is related to more autocratic style of leadership and Theory Y is more related to democratic style. So it is quite helpful for the above given problems. It will help to find the problems and provide the relevant solutions. Evidence of Original Research The whole research process was original and personally performed by the author. He conducted interviews, provide questionnaires and observe the situation in store personally. For the evidence, there are questionnaires, interview questions and answers are given in the appendices. Conclusions Recommendations Conclusions: In the conclusion author provides the results of the whole research report. The author found out various problems in the Subway SupaCenta and was discussed in the first assignment. Out of all the problems, the author chooses one big problem as lack of motivation. These problems have further small problems that affect the overall performance. The results helped the author to get the conclusion of this report. In the conclusion, the author explains that the problem lack of motivation was the biggest problem in store. The employees are not motivated to work in the store which is the biggest problem. If the employees are not motivated they are not in a mood to listen what the manager is saying or what the customer wants. There are too many problems that affect the staff performance and overall customer service. The author used the qualitative techniques such as observation, interviews to find out the personal views of managers and customers and to observe the staff performan ce in store at various times. So in the end author defined the big problem (Lack of Motivation) with various sub-problems. Motivation Problem Lack of Fairness Lack of Communication Lack of Knowledge Lack of Training Conclusions are based on the original research conducted by the author. For the evidence, the author provided interview questions and customer satisfaction survey forms in the appendices. The Henri Fayols Management Theory The author used the Henri Fayols management theory to discuss the results, conclusions. Fayols provide 14 management principles which help the author to draw the conclusions and recommendations. These principles are given below: Division of Work Staff should be divided into department to increase the output. Authority Managers should use their powers with responsibility. Discipline Discipline is very important in the organization. Unity of Command Employees should have only one direct supervisor. Unity of Direction Employees with the similar objective should be working under one manager. This will increase the coordination. Subordination of Individual Interests to the General Interest The personal interests should be second and companys interests should be first. Remuneration Employees should get a good remuneration for their performance. Centralization The employees should be close enough to the result-making authorities. Scalar Chain Staff members should be aware of their place in the company. Order Management should provide safe and clean working environment. Equity Managers should treat all the employees equally. Stability of Tenure of Personnel Managers needs to work on the employee turn over to increase the productivity at the same time increasing the performance. Initiative Employees should be able to perform some tasks by their own. This will increase their confidence. So managers should be using laissez-faire style for some level. Esprit de Corps Organizations should work hard to promote the team work and unity. Recommendations: In the end, the author provides some recommendations to the management so that they work on it to improve the staff performance to overall increase the productivity. Recommendations are relevant, feasible and practical. Some of the recommendations are given below: Training: Management should provide more training to the staff members to get the best out of them. Training will improve their knowledge. Fairness: Staff should be treated equally with fairness. This will help them to feel attached to the company. Improve Communication: The Communication problem was the biggest problem among employees. This will help them to be confident and they will be more friendly with the customers. Delegation: Delegation of powers is another main factor that will help to divide the powers among employees. This will help them to feel more motivated and valued for the company. Benefits to employees: Benefits are the biggest motivators for everyone. Management should set a standard that if the employees are working up to that standard then they will get some extra benefits and allowances. Bigger Store: The management should try to get a bigger place for the store because some customers had given the feedback about that. So that will help to increase the sales. References: http://www.vectorstudy.com/management_theories/theory_X_and_Y.htm http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/henri-fayol.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishikawa_diagram http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_03.htm http://www.learnmanagement2.com/fishboneanalysiscauseandeffect.htm http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadstl.html http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_84.htm

Why Have Newsstands Disappeared? Essay -- Culture

Old and rusty. A big box, it comes in different colors: green, black, and gray. The big box, with a man in it, overflows with merchandise varying from reading materials to fast snacks and soft drinks. Walking around New York City, one sees these big rusty boxes everywhere, or at least people used to. A quick stop for the many local and national newspapers, a refreshing brisk soft drink on a hot summer day, or even a candy bar and a pack of gum. It is a convenient place that one can just pass by and get what he or she needs without the hassle of a supermarket. If you stop by for the papers on your way to work or for a drink during your lunch break, usually a pleasant New York immigrant will greet you. The man in the box is generally delighted to assist you as fast as he can so that you can continue on your day without delay. New York City is fast-paced and the immigrants in the boxes try to maximize their service speed to accommodate New Yorkers’ requisites requests. At the sam e time, they are willing to have an interesting and elaborate conversation with you. Have you figured out what this place is? It is a newsstand. New York has had many newsstands for a very long time, and they have been a part of New Yorkers’ everyday lives. Its convenience adds to the experience of New York. You can find newsstands not only on the sidewalks of the city but also in its subway stations, where they are more of a man in a hole in the wall, instead of a man in a box. Those underground newsstands tend to offer a faster service and you can also have a shopping experience if they are a bit bigger. Since you are in a subway station, they tend to be speedy due to the hurry of train riders since trains come and go. Newsstands are distributers of infor... ...e historic monuments since they have been through most of the history of New York. Getting rid of such symbolic element of the city tarnishes the city’s image. Not only would take away a symbolic image of New York’s landscape but also represents New York’s movement towards a drab and uninspired city. Works Cited Berliner, David C. "Knowledge Is Power." Equity & Excellence in Education 24.02 (1988). Print. "Knowledge." Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com. Web. 03 May 2012. Moss, Jeremiah. "Newsstands." Jeremiah's Vanishing New York. 26 Oct. 2011. Web. Pearce, Lynn M. "SIC 2711Newspapers: Publishing, or Publishing and Printing." Encyclopedia of American Industries. 6th ed. Detroit, MI: Thomson/Gale, 2005. Print. Pearce, Lynn M. "SIC 5994: News Dealers and Newsstands." Encyclopedia of American Industries. 6th ed. Detroit, MI: Thomson/Gale, 2005. Print.

Homicide in Puerto Rico Essay

Crime is not a new phenomenon in any society and it is the duty of the various sections or branches of the criminal justice systems to ensure that their citizens are safe. Peace and harmony are among the major goals of any criminal justice system. Homicide which refers to the cessation of the life of a person by another could be in two major forms; the planned or well premeditated also termed as murder or due to some circumstances or at the spur of the moment or manslaughter. Various theories of crime have been coined to explain crime and delinquency in the society and they range from psychological, biological, conflict, social disorganization, social learning as well as feminist theories of crime. (Burke R, 2005). The psychological and biological theories tend to explain why specific individuals tend to commit crime and are inappropriate when explaining trends of crime in a given region. Feminist theories also tend to be inclined on the role of gender in explaining crime and may also not be appropriate in explaining increasing crime rates in general. The social conflict, social disorganization, social learning theories can be used to explain the homicide rates in Puerto Rico. An exploration of the various theories of crime places the criminal justice system in a better position to respond to crime in the society with improved prevention as well as sanctioning strategies. Strain theory The Merton’s theories of crime also known as the strain theories argue that deviance in the society is as a result of a discrepancy between the societal or culturally set aspirations and the legally acceptable means to realize them. In this regard, the society is blamed for the crime rates within its jurisdiction. Setting goals for her members and then failing to offer the appropriate or institutionally acceptable means to realize them leaves the members of the society in awkward or confused situation. A clear illustration is how Americans have been socialized to embrace the ‘American Dream’ where attaining wealth and material gain are highly venerated. However, the same society fails to resolve the constraints that would deter the Americans from realizing this goal forcing them to behave in various ways that may not be in line with the expectations of the society. The Merton strain theory can best be applied to explain crime rates in poverty stricken regions where out of frustrations the poor behave in different ways as they try to meet the expectations of the society. (Clinard M, 1967). According to Merton’s theory, some act as ‘conformists’ and accept the societal set goals and values as well as the institutionally acceptable means of realizing them. Such people pose no threat to the society in as far as crime and deviance is concerned. Others are viewed as ‘ritualists’ who reject the set goals by the society though they accept or rather respect the institutionally acceptable means of attaining the set goals. Others are deemed as ‘rebels’ who reject the societal goals and values as well as the legitimate means of realizing the said goals. These include the drug and alcohol addicts who result into this habit due to the realization that they cannot attain the societal set goals. To Merton, the ‘innovators’ are those who accept the societal or culturally set aspirations but reject the socially acceptable means of realizing these goals. Burke R. 2005). The innovators are a threat to the societal peace and harmony as they may embrace criminal approaches to attain the set goals. They include drug traffickers as well as prostitutes who indulge in these activities as a way of attaining wealth and material gain as has been stipulated in the ‘American Dream’. Modern strain theorists have expounded on Merton’s ideology to embrace other culturally set expectations for instance those affecting the young people that are not necessarily related to wealth or material gain. In other words, they adopt a social aspect in addition to the economic aspect coined by Merton. These include the desire for academic and sports excellence as well as fame. To them, one’s relations also plays a vital role in determining people’s behavior where those who interact with people favoring deviant behaviors will tend to be deviant while those favoring conformity will not be a security threat to the society. The general strain theory as coined by Akers can be used to explain why the young people engage in drugs and this could further be associated with crime such as homicides. Strain in this context is associated with depression, disappointment, fear and anger which trigger the desire to revenge against the society or which lead to the adoption of coping mechanisms that favor criminal behavior rather than conformity to the societal norms and values. Bearing in mind the poverty conditions in Puerto Rico this theory can be applied to explain the escalating homicide rates in the region. The argument here is that some people will engage in drug trafficking business as a way of accumulating wealth and material gain and can be viewed as ‘innovators’. On the other hand, some will engage in drug consumption and abuse due to their desperation or as an act of revenge against the society. Drug abuse will be rampant for the young people who are likely to engage in gangs favoring the use of drugs after dropping out of schools. Homicide rates will also be higher among the gang members and this is made easier by the higher availability of arms. (Peffer R, 2002). The social learning theory of crime The social learning theory of crime can also be used to explain crime and delinquency in society. Unlike the biological theories that blame criminal behavior on people’s biological makeup, this argues that crime is not an inherent behavior but a learnt behavior. This theory was coined by Ronald Akers and was an improvement of Sutherland’s differentiation theory where he argued that crime portrays learning as an interactive relationship whose success revolves around effective communication. It is thought to take place among people with intimate or close relationships such as family and friends. To learn crime, individuals learn the techniques used from those with the experience. They also get to learn of the motives or drives of committing the crimes they engage in. Another vital aspect learnt in this process is the rationalization as well as attitudes that favour crime. Sutherland suggests that the period or time of contact is quite influential in determining the associations made. Differential associations tend to vary in frequency, duration as well as their intensity. People learn the motives of crime from the definition of legal codes and behaviour is termed as favourable or unfavourable and that which is defined as favourable will be highly embraced while the unfavourable will unfavourable will be avoided. (Sutherland E and Cressey D, 1970). The belief of this theory is that people become delinquent due excess definitions that favour the violation of law rather than adherence to it. In other words meanings are awarded and respected and will vary with varying conditions. Akers developed Sutherland’s work by emphasizing on the role of imitation as well as reinforcement in learning crime. This theory can be used to explain the homicide rates in Puerto Rico where peer influence plays a role in encouraging drug use which in turn triggers indulgence in crime. Interactions with people who define drug use as a favorable act will see the young people engage in drugs to fit in. With time they will rationalize their behavior and after imitating the other gang members they will internalize the use of drugs. Such people are more likely to engage in crime to finance their habits and some may result to drug trafficking. People under the influence of drugs may have an impaired reasoning or judgment capacity and they may comfortably murder those they perceive as a threat to their existence in business. Others may kill in the process of committing other crimes such as robbery with the aim of financing their drug addiction. (Montalvo-Barbot A. , 1997). A limitation of this theory is that it ignores the probability of attracting conformity thus causing no threat to the society’s security. This theory also ignores the role of individual reasoning or decision making process. Some people are not taught to kill and others engage in drugs and eventually crime due to personal reasons rather than being influenced by peers and family members. The social learning theory of crime also fails to offer adequate explanations regarding the origin or crime but only discusses how crime is spread. Another critic is that it is single sided in the sense that it focuses on those who are non criminals. It also assumes that all people have an equal access to criminal and anti criminal behaviour. (Akers R, 2000).

England, America, and The Invincible Armada English Literature Essay (100 Level Course)

England, America, and The Invincible Armada English Literature Essay (100 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers England, America, and The Invincible Armada English Literature Essay (100 Level Course) The zest for adventure, exploration and colonization actually reached a peak in the reign of Elizabeth; in 1584, Sir Walter Raleigh founded a colony in North America, which he called Virginia in honour of Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen. (Raleigh was also the first to import tobacco to England from Florida in 1565. A few years later, the potato also reached England after being introduced into Spain from America in 1570, after the Spanish conquest of Peru). But since the 15th century, the monopoly of colonization and commerce in Africa, Asia and America had been in the hands of Portugal and Spain. In Tudor times, however, the English seamen realized that they too could follow the ocean routes and reach fabulously rich lands, or at least attack and sack the Spanish ships sailing from America. As it was not possible to attack the Spanish ocean-going vessels openly, it was necessary to fight a private war, in which English sailors were pirates and merchant-venturers at the same time (the so-called sea-dogs). The greatest of the privateers were Sir John Hawkins, who dealt above all in the slave trade, Sir Martin Frobisher, who searched for the Northwest Passage, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, who established in Newfound land the first English colony in North America, and Francis Drake, who attacked Spanish ships with cargoes of precious metals. In his lawless war, he was supported by Sir Francis Walsingbam, one of Queen Elizabeths counsellors, who maintained that only by boldness and aggression could England hope to win a share in the colonial and commercial wealth of the time. It was he, not the more prudent counsellor William Cecil, who persuaded the queen to finance Drake secretly, in exchange for a share in any plunder from his expeditions, thus increasing her meagre revenues. Following his advice, Queen Elizabeth bought a share in Drake’s expedition to the coast of the Spanish do minions on board a small vessel, the Golden Hind, with a crew of about a hundred men. After three years, in 1580, Drake returned to Plymouth across the Pacific Ocean via the Cape of Good Hope with a booty of more than 300,000 pounds. Elizabeth, who had secretly sponsored Drake, took a large share of the booty, and the following year she knighted him. The greatest English privateer had become Sir Francis Drake, and was ready to become the greatest of the English admirals in the open war against Spain. Relations grew worse and worse between England and Spain until the execution of Mary Stuart. At the end of 1588 the Spanish Invincible Armada, made up of heavy ships armed for the old type of boarding warfare, sailed for England, and was met by the English fleet. Inferior in number, hut faster, easier to handle and equipped with large cannons able to fire at long range, the English defeated the Spanish fleet, which was then finally scattered and destroyed by the stormy winds of the Scottish and Irish seas. About half of the Armada was lost. The war with Spain continued till 1603, but it was by this victory that England preserved its independence and assured its future as a great naval power. Research Papers on England, America, and The Invincible Armada English Literature Essay (100 Level Course)19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBringing Democracy to AfricaQuebec and CanadaBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeStandardized TestingNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceGenetic EngineeringHip-Hop is Art

Purchase quality economics essay from us

Purchase quality economics essay from us Economics essay Students taking a course in Economics are often assigned to produce an economics essay. When giving this assignment, professors want to see whether students understand an educational program well. Moreover, producing such papers helps students learn to cover different topics. Thus, they will know how to analyze economic issues in the right way. Note that different mathematical formulas and methods are used to prepare works in Accounting. You should know that Economics is a complex academic area. You should adopt financial strategies and develop economic concepts to write superior economics essays. This subject analyzes such matter as GDP (gross domestic product). Furthermore, it explores the way various economic issues influence different industries. Economics can be divided into two types: macro and micro. Macroeconomics examines an economy as a unit. In this case, the economy of a particular country and that of big entities are taken into account. Microeconomics investigates how small companies distribute their economic resources. It is obvious that economic essays are written on a variety of topics. You need to choose the one for your work. There are a lot of issues you can write about. Nevertheless, you should select the subject that you are well-aware of. For instance, you may examine such item as recession. In this case, you should find out what causes it. In order to analyze the issue thoroughly, you should take into account the following facts: climate changes, low economic growth, a small number of tourists, etc. Note that there are a lot of other economics essay topics which you may cover. When writing your economic essay, you need to use modern reliable sources. Thus, you will be able to collect relevant material on the discussed subject. For this reason, you should browse websites providing economic information, read journals and economics articles about the considered matter. By the way, you may ask you teacher to explain some aspects of the work clearly. Moreover, your professor may recommend using some reputable sources for preparing your paper. Are you eager to know how to write an economics essay perfectly? First, you need to write grammatically correct sentences and pay meticulous attention to the meaning of the used words. However, if you face any difficulties, you should get valuable help online. Our writers can produce original academic works in different subjects. They use authoritative sources when preparing essays. Besides, they always make references appropriately. You can be sure that a skilled writer will be assigned to your order. Furthermore, you may choose a preferred writer to do you all your assignments. We ensure that you will receive a good essay form us on time. If you want to prepare a work of superior quality, you should write a great thesis statement. Thus, you need to conduct detailed research to examine the topic properly. If you should focus on the main idea of your paper, you will develop it in the right manner. Remember that the presented ideas should be based on strong arguments. Readers may disagree with the viewpoint presented in your piece of economics essay writing. Therefore, you should provide factual data to persuade readers take your position. Before you begin producing your paper, you should make a plan. It should present all the points you are going to explore in your economics essay. You need to write a great work, so that readers find it interesting. If you concentrate on the selected topic, you will prepare an outstanding piece of writing.

The history of tequila in mexico Research Paper

The history of tequila in mexico - Research Paper Example Known as the tree of miracles, the Agave plant is the only source of Tequila drink (Earth Bar Magazine 1) where it takes about nine years for an agave plant to be ready for harvesting, processing, and distilling to make the Tequila drink. The history of Tequila in Mexico confirms that the drink is a symbol of cultural heritage with a cultural significance that supersedes the status of alcoholic beverage (James 1). The process that produces Tequila represents a cultural blend as it defines the indigenous Prehispanic culture of Jalisco, Mexico and the emergence of the Spanish distillation process (Festa 1). This marked a Spanish and Mexican cultural blend (James 1). This cultural blend has passed to the current generation where the production and consumption of Tequila in Mexico portrays a cultural blend. The ancient tribe of Mexico, the Aztecs, the Chichimecans, the Otomies, the Toltecan’s, and the Nahuatls who drank beverages made from the Agave plant initiated the history of the Tequila in Mexico (Earth Bar Magazine 1). Indeed, the Aztecs were the first people to ferment sap from the local agave plants that made Tequila in the pre-Hispanic times (La Cava del Tequila 1). On the other hand, the Nahuatl’s worshipped the Agave plant that made Tequila (Earth Bar Magazine 1). The blue agave plant that produces sugar that later forms Tequila is native to northwestern state of Jalisco (Earth Bar Magazine 1). The arrival of the Spaniards in Tequila, which is in a region of Techinchan in the old Aztec Empire and Jalisco state of Mexico, led to the introduction of the European influence on Tequila (Earth Bar Magazine 1). In the 1000 B.C the Mayan and Aztec leaders produced and consumed pulque, which was North Americas first known alcoholic beverage (La Cava del Tequila 1). The Mayan and Aztec leaders made the pulque drink from the fermented maguey plant’s sap (La Cava del Tequila 1). The

Efficiency in the Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Efficiency in the Market - Essay Example It requires goods to be produced in the least cost way. The firms are forced at the minimum level of average cost in the long run. The consumers are benefitted under productive efficiency as they are required to pay the lowest possible product price. Allocative efficiency is given by the equality between price and marginal cost. It requires firms to take that production path that is the need of the society. When the firm is not able to increase its welfare by producing more of one good then a situation of efficient allocation is said to exist. A firm can achieve such efficiency by equating marginal cost and price. Marginal cost is regarded as the amount of satisfaction foregone due to the production of another good. If P=MC then value of produced goods is equal to the value of not produced goods. Considering a hypothetical country and a firm who is a price taker, the firm will produce at the profit maximizing quantity which will equate price and marginal cost. The firm will face U-sh aped cost curves and horizontal demand curve. 1 Perfect competition can efficiently allocate resources in the long run. The following is the long run equilibrium condition: P=SRMC=LRMC=SRAC=LRAC This equation states prices to be equal to marginal cost and average cost both in the long and short run. With P+MC no firm has the motive to make adjustments in quantity. Again with P=AC each firm earns only normal profit. This is a situation of no economic profit-loss situation. The long run condition is satisfied only at the minimum of LRAC curve. This is also termed as the minimum efficient scale. The minimum efficient scale provides the economy to utilize resources in optimal and efficient fashion. Two types of agents participate in the competitive market. The other participant is scarce resources. In the economy framework a resource is defined as the item (goods or services) that is valued by the agents. It is the scarcity of resources which calls for efficient allocation of resources to satisfy all the participating agents. The decisions on allocation are of prime importance in this market principle. A market is defined as the place where buyers meet sellers. The mode with which the exchange takes place is called price. The main characteristic of competitive market is the adjustment of prices until supply is equal to demand. The price sets the market in equilibrium and such a situation is called Pareto optimal situation. In a decentralized economy the equilibrium price is determined by tatonnement process. Prices tend to rise if demand is greater than supply and decrease when demand is less than supply. An adjustment to occur the demand and supply at the current prices must be known beforehand. Consider the case where there are many independent sellers. If there access to full information to both the buyers and the sellers then price of the product will set at the equilibrium. Now suppose a high price and a low price is charged for the product. The consumers may opt firms selling their products at high price to offer at some price level which is the difference between the high and low price. Such a situation will offer a better off situation for both parties. The quantities are in the Y-axes. The equilibrium price is denoted as p*. At this price the buyers will be willing to pay at least this amount of price to buy the products and the firms will be able to sell their products at the market rate. If the price is less than the equilibrium p