Visual Arts Essay Example for Free

Visual nontextual matters EssayEvery gentlemans gentleman being has a significant innate characteristic of being blindistic in nature originating from his or her humanistic aspect. In this concept, every single individual has the ability to express him or herself through any form of artistic manifestations and on the other hand, also has the ability to view and recognize different forms of artistic port. This idea is mainly because the very essence of existing as a human being is fully realizing their innate human behaviors of stimulated manifestations and expression. Thus, the concept of humanistic art form as a means of expressions and communication of expression is born. In the general course of humanistic art form, the aspect of visual arts commonly roused much en thereforeiasm and recognition. The aspect of visual art expression commonly manifest in the style of appealing to the basic humanistic senses of the human society particularly the sense of sight wherein one u ses a concrete look of expressing him or herself to the society.In this form of artistic expression, the visual artist contemplate and transform his or her personal abstract emotions into a concrete form to coax the interest and emotions of the public enabling them to realize the humanistic and artistic beauty in any chosen specific events. This concept commonly expressed in different fields such as through painting, music, theater, dance and others. In each of the mentioned visual art discipline, each one of them has their own mode of expression significantly characterized by the general theme of their respective discipline.For the field of painting, visual artists use expression mediums such as the most common namely the oil painting wherein the artist use oil- ground ink or dye to relieve oneself an art piece. Another is through use watercolor, which is basically similar to the oil-based medium scarcely only cheaper and more accessible. Other uses spray painting medium uti lisationing either or both of the previously mentioned mediums. In addition, another style that is common is using charcoal, which produces sketches of monochromatic color.In this discipline, different mediums of expression are used to bearing similar elements of the said discipline namely color, shade, perspective, hue, contrast, texture, and others, which are all important in emphasizing the thematic aspect of the artwork. For the discipline of music, several styles are commonly used such as the classical that is in relation to the socio-cultural aspect. Another is the ballad or romantic theme, which is more focused on the emotional aspect of the art.In addition, there is the discipline of the jazz and blues manifesting more on the emotional and smooth music for relaxation. In the moderne discipline comes the rock music employing contemporary musical instruments and some traditional. In this field, the artistic impression is basically based on three general elements namely the p itch, rhythm, and quality. Pitch which is through melody and harmony, rhythm through meter and tempo, and sound quality through texture, dynamics, articulation, and timbre. For the drama or the theatrical visual art is presented in different styles or genre.One of which is the musical theatre employing musical and dance elements in the presentation. Another is pantomime, which manifest in different forms and characteristic namely puppetry, slapstick and melodrama. Another is the tragedy, which presents the sorrowful and terrible events in a social icons life wherein the moral take account of the experience is highlighted in the one. In addition, the drama also comes in the form of the opera, which is generally presented through singing. In this discipline, different important elements are used to create a thematic artistic presentation.Some of these elements are the character, plot, theme, dialogue, convention, genre, audience, design, and the stagecraft or the props. The disciplin e of dance also has its own mediums of artistic expression namely the interpretative employing visual presentation with relative musical attributes. The folk dance which is related to traditional dance methods. The ballet dance, which is focused on the gracefulness of the expression to symbolize its theme. In addition, the modern dance which represents the present society and their contemporary culture.In this discipline, artists employ several elements in their artistic expression namely the tempo or speed of the dance, the gracefulness or the texture of the movements, choreography, and the uniformity for group presentation. Thus, visual art is generally expression of humanistic emotions manifested through using different forms of disciplines. In each of these disciplines, the visual artists employ a particular style of mode of expression to emphasize the main theme or the particular idea of their artistic visual presentation thus capturing advance the enthusiasm and emotional int erest of their general audience.In employing a particular mode of expression style, the target audience can also better understand and realize the main theme of the presented visual art through relating it to the discipline used and the particular expression style that is applied. Through applying the mentioned visual art elements, the aspect of communication between the artist and the general audience can be bridged significantly promoting the thematic expression between the two.BibliographyLevi, Albert Smith, Ralph (1991). Art Education Disciplines of Art Education, Context of Understanding. University of Illinois, USA. ISBN-10 0252061853.

Convenience Store and Causeway Bay Essay Example for Free

Convenience Store and Causeway Bay EssayMy favourite shopping centre is Times Square. Its in Causeway Bay. I usually go there with my family on the weekends. I like to go with my family because I like to spend time with them, so we ordure know each other even better, make our love and care deeper too. Weekends are the best time to go because we dont have to go to school and neither does our father need to go to work.It has a lot of facilities like a cinema, 4 floors of restaurants and photo sticker machines to remember that beautiful chip It also has shops with the newest and trendy brands like clothes, jeans, mobile phones and even toys. The also have some jewellery and bag shops which I like to buy. They have some public convenience stores, like 7-eleven and circle k. Where we can find snacks after shopping because you do get tired holding those bags. I usually take the 8P bus because its convenient and cheap.They also hold some concerts or parties for special occasions lik e Halloween, Christmas or Easter. I think it opens around 8 or 9 in the morning and closes at about 12 or 1 at night. I like it because its fun to shop although it could be valuable Or just come to watch the movies and have dinner with your family or friends. I remember I was around 3 years old when I first went there, because at that time I lived in Causeway Bay, just next to the Times Square

Voluntary Involuntary And Non Voluntary Euthanasia Essay

Voluntary Involuntary And Non Voluntary Euthanasia EssayIn 1995, the Australian Northern Territory was the first place in the world to legalise voluntary euthanasia under the Rights of the Terminally Ill Act 1995. The first person to voluntarily end their life on Sunday, 22 September 1996 was Bob Dent, a terminally tubercular patient with prostate cancer (Grey 1999, p.19). As a reaction to this law and Bob Dents death a Liberal Party backbencher, Kevin Andrews introduced the Euthanasia Laws B green 1996 which being a Federal Act over road the Northern Territory Act making euthanasia illegal in all States and Territories of Australia.Nonetheless, the vast majority of Australians from doctors to philosophers support voluntary euthanasia. For example, Australian philosopher, Peter Singer, vigorously supports euthanasia in his concur of Taking c beer Human while pro-euthanasia Doctor Phillip Nitschke assisted Bob Dent to die by a lethal injection. This essay explains what euthanasia is and discusses whether voluntary euthanasia should be a right of the terminally ill.Euthanasia means a gentle and easy death, (Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable 2006) and it is usually used to refer to the bring on death of those who are incurably ill and in great pain or excruciation in order to spare them further suffering or distress. It is often referred to as mercy killing.Singer (1993, p.175) classified euthanasia as voluntary, involuntary or non-voluntary. Involuntary euthanasia means without the combine of the person who dies plain if they express a wish to live and is effectively murder even if the motives are to benefit the deceased. Non-voluntary euthanasia occurs where a persons mental age is or has eternally been that of an infant so that they have no capacity of express any preference to live or die such as when someone is severely disabled infant since birth or those who suffer severe brain damages after accidents and become permanently mentally disabled. Sometimes people in this situation are allowed to die by withdrawing medical services such as intensive care treatment. Voluntary euthanasia which is where a person consciously chooses an early death (Singer 1993, pp.175-177). This essay will only focus on ethical arguments as to whether voluntary euthanasia and non-voluntary should be legalised. ace argument for euthanasia is the utilitarian principle which says that the lives of some people can be sacrificed for the benefit of others deemed more worthy of care. It has been said that When applying the utilitarian theory to the ethics of euthanasia, can it not be said that Self Deliverance for a workmanlike terminally ill patient is an unselfish act (Maj 2002)? Utilitarianism is commonly expressed as the superior sizeable for the greatest descend (Rohnann 1999, cited in Rich Butts 2005, p. 9).A moral theory is utilitarian if and only if it assesses rules in terms of nothing but their utility. Jeremy Bentham, invoked what he de scribed as a fundamental axiom it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong (Bentham 1823).Utilitarians theorise that there is the comparable ground for voluntary euthanasia as fornon-voluntary euthanasia as death is the benefit for the person killed but is it possible to justify ending the life of a human being who lacks the capacity to consent in the same way as where people are capable of consenting, and do in fact consent (Singer 1993).Utilitarians consider that death will bring peace to the patient, family and friends and can be justified purely on the utilitarian grounds that a terminally ill person has lost the ability to pursue the intellectual or physical life they once had or has lost dignity by becoming bloodsucking on others for fundamental needs such as going to the toilet. (Maj 2002). Something I can identify with having jiben my once proud grandfather after a buffet having to wear a nappy. In my opinion for many once dignity and self sufficiency are lost death is a release.The strongest argument for active voluntary euthanasia is based on respect for individual autonomy or self governance. Autonomy is the belief that every person has the right to square off their hold life through their choices which includes the right to choose the time and circumstances of their death and is expressed concerning basic human dignity (Grey 1999, p.21).The principle of autonomy is an pattern Kants ideal that having ones own choice whether that choice is good or bad is of paramount importance for life. Kant believes that suggesting someone knows better than yourself in such a personalised thing as death is a dubious paternalistic presumption (Grey 1999,p.21) in many ways similar to this current governments belief that they know stovepipe what you should see or read on the internet. J.S. Mill in his expression of the harm principle state the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any me mber of a civilised community, against their will, is to prevent harm to others. His own good, either physical or moral, is not a equal warrant. (Grey 1999, p.21) Autonomy acknowledges an individuals sovereignty over all acts which only affect self on the basis that it is insupportable to have someone else choose the timing of ones own death. (Grey 1999,p.21). This is difficult to argue against since only in the most horrendous crimes do States now have the power to deprive a criminal of life besides involuntary euthanasia suggests they have the right to kill non criminals. However if a person chooses to die we should respect that wish.Peter Singer believes voluntary euthanasia is a matter of respecting a persons preference and overall well-being, welfare or interests in their particular circumstances such as when they are suffering from cancer. In Holland, a nationwide government survey found that Many patients want an assurance that their doctor will assist them to die should su ffering become unbearable (Singer 1993). One argument for euthanasia which involves utilitarian theory is the need to reduce societys costs in an ever more crowded world by reducing the number of people needing intensive care.There are many arguments against euthanasia. The possibility of abuse is one of the most common arguments against euthanasia. Abuse may mean patents are pressured by families or medical facilities to agree to ending their own life. Family may want to see the suffering end but they may also want to see the inheritance now. Doctors may wish to free up scare medical resources for those they believe they can save and in fact hospitals make these sort of choices by withdrawing medical support for the terminally ill. Opponents argue that we can never be sure that a request to be killed is the result of a free and sane decision, particularly as they are likely to be suffering pain, very probably drugged and confused (Singer 1993).Depression is also an issue because i t is a stratum of pressure from within. A depressed person is more likely to choose to take their own life whether or not they are terminally ill. another(prenominal) argument against euthanasia is the level of protection required to ensure it is not misused will actually make it more painful. No one who is ill is going to want to face a barrage of questions and forms to choose death yet leaving the documentation to Doctors or Family or some other caller leaves open the door to abuse.There is also the opening the floodgatesor Slippery Slope argument that if society accepts euthanasia as a universal right of competent terminally ill patients to decide their fate (Maj 2002) then how long will it be before society decides what should be done with the chronically ill, handicapped or simply old who no longer contribute but are a impression on society.The Catholic Church objects to euthanasia on apparitional grounds saying that the church opposes euthanasia as that life which God has bestowed on each one of us, can never be sacrificed for the sake of the good of self-determination as it contravenes the Thou shalt not kill commandment (Demarco 2003, p. 154).However, the church distinguishes euthanasia from decisions to forego aggressive medical treatment which are medical procedures which no longer correspond to the real situation of the patient, either because they are by now disproportionate to any expected results or because they impose an excessive burden on the patient and his family (Demarco 2003, p. 155).In conclusion, voluntary euthanasia may be seen as a way of giving respect to those who are in distress and paid and wish to leave life, family and friends with dignity. While there are arguments against voluntary euthanasia they are, apart from religious moral concerns, easily overcome by set in place appropriate safeguards such as a number of independent witnesses who must ensure that the person who is contemplating euthanasia is fully aware of what the y are doing and that there is no going back.Non-voluntary euthanasia is more difficult as no consent is possible but can be justified on the grounds that the benefit to society is larger than the detriment to the individual particularly if the individual is and has been so damaged that they cannot appreciate the life they live. Singer says in his book of Rethinking Life and Death We should say theyre alive but nonetheless their life is not viable. They are alive but that life is not worth keep (Singer 1999)

The Origins Of Nike Commerce Essay

The Origins Of Nike Commerce Es phraseNike was founded by Mr. Phil Knight and his past coach Bill Bowerman in 1964 and they started colored Ribbon Sports. Knights first shoe was c each(prenominal)ed Tiger and then began distribution of clothe. Blue Ribbon got great success in 1971 and Knight changes the connection name Nike. In 1971 it introduced Nikes first brand line. Nike launched its product line in 1979. The new version of its air shoe which was very successful and it was k instantaneouslyn as Air Jordan introduced in 1985. Nike opened its first retail outlet in Portland, operating theatre in 1990. In 1991 the compevery was very successful and its revenue reached USD $3 billion. In 1999 ph bingler started selling its products directly to customers from its website. Nike is the worlds leading sports and athletic shoes. Nike is the major manufacturer of sports equipment with $18.6 billion USD in the year of 2008. Nike has 30000 employees in worldwide. (Nikebizcompany overvie w, 2010)Nike had generated profits of $97.4 million and its profit dropped bring down by 50% in February 2001. Nike said that it was because of the failure of impart chain softw be produced by i2 technologies. Both companies blamed each other. This failure too effected Nikes reputation. The supply chain softw ar was the first segment of NSC (Nike Supply Chain) project from deplete and also customer relationship care software from Siebel System. Analysts presageed out the break of customization of the software and over demand forecasting. (Koah, 2004) society successfully follow throughed (NSC) Nike Supply Chain project by 2004. The (NSC) Nike Supply Chain project is centralized cooking moving and manufacturing. At last Nike got success in Implementing ERP and it became the desired woo for those who want to go across the ERP systems in their company. Christopher Koch (Editor of CIO Magazine) stated that If it was easy, everyone would just do it. In the previous(a) 1990, most companies avoided to adopt ERP because of the huge cost of ERP systems. (Koch, 2004)The lesson of Nikes failure and subsequent rebound lies in the fact that it had a sound business plan that was widely understood and accepted at every level of the company. Given that resiliency it afforded the company, in the end the i2 failure turned out to be just a hotfoot bump. (Koah, 2004)Products RangeNike has wide range of sports equipment, running shoes, and jerseys and may other products as shown in figure 1. rule Nike Products (nike, 2010)ERP (Enterprise vision Planning)ERP entitles a companys information system which notify bring more closely the companys departments and conk outs resembling human resources, finance and inventories. It also creates the link between customers and producers.1.1 Introduction of ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)Enterprise Resource Planning is the enterprisingness system tool which manages demand and supply. It has the ability to make link betwee n customers and suppliers. ERP also succeeds the high degree of consolidation between purchasing, manufacturing, tradeing, sales, logistics and marketing. ERP is the tool which can provide high level of customer services and productivity and also lower the cost. (W entirelyace Kremzar, 2001)Enterprise Resource Planning is a company which increase it sales by 20% because of ERP. The vice president states that ERP has provided the key to becoming a truly global company. Design can be do with the accurate data and with the function that concretes demand and supply across border and oceans. This change is worth billion to us in sales worldwide. (W eitherace Kremzar, 2001)The Director of ERP For the first musical composition ever, we have a good handle on our succeeding(a) requirements for components raw and materials. When our customer demand changes, we-ourselves and our suppliers-can manage changes to our schedules on a very coordinated and controlled basis. I dont see how a ny company can do effective supply chain management without ERP. (Wallace Kremzar, 2001)1.2 Origin of the Term ERPThe Enterprise Resource Planning ERP developed from Manufacture Resource Planning (MRP). The ERP was introduced by an analytical firm Garner. Enterprise Resource Planning has all the functions of an enterprise except organisation business or charter. Many organisations equivalent IBM, Dell and HP Microsoft, Intel and many other organisations are now using ERP systems. The ERP systems are typically for large and more broadly based applications although it is also utilise in small and medium sized businesses. The ERP systems provide standardization, lower maintenance and it can store all data in one database. So, we can say that it has greater reporting capabilities. ERP includes other applications like Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP), Financials Resource Management (FRM), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Supply Chain Management (SCM) and homosexual Resour ces Management (HRM). (Leon , 2008)Figure Information integration through ERP (ERP, 2010)1.3 Overview of ERPMany organisations exact to implement one part for ERP systems and stand-alone systems for the other ERP applications need to develop an remote interface to the other ERP system. Because in an organisation one vendor choose to use human resource management system and the financial system choose another and integration between those systems. It is very common in midsized retailer and the retail sector will have a point of sale (POS) and financial application then they have a specialized application to handle other business requirements like logistics and merchandising. (Leon , 2008)The quality of ERP system is that it provides a single database which contains all the data for the software module also shown in figure 3ManufacturingSupply Chain ManagementFinancialsProjectsHuman ResourcesCustomer Relationship Management (Leon , 2008)Figure ERP database (google, 2010)1.4 Reaso ns for Buying ERP SoftwareIn these days when the business environment is increasingly complex and highly emulous then the organisations need the IT system which is highly competitive with time management. The organisations need the outstanding military operation in their business by utilizing the time in the correct way. Enterprise system utilize the company time correctly. Enterprise Resource Planning is the preparation in which the business resources like material, employees and customers moved from one state to another state. An ERP system maintains the data which connects with the business functions like manufacturing, supply chain, Management, finance, human resource, customer relationship management. (Leon , 2008)1.5 Reasons of ERP projects FailureSometimes ERP projects fail if you do not implement them well. There are some of the reasons for the failure of ERP failure.The company selected the wrong software of ERP for the company. The training of employee is also very impor tant and some organisations dont train well their employees. Some software is heavily customized and if these are not distich with the companys IT infrastructure then there can be job. If we do not implement the effective change management strategies then it can be the guide of failure of the project. If the business merger leaves out the work in the process then it can be also a big loss.(Glenn, 2008)There are also some factors from where we can achieve the successful ERP projects by selecting the right software for the company. Give the right training to employees. For implementing the ERP we have to manage each approach and utilize the best practices for implementing ERP software. (Starinsky, 2001)I found some important realities about ERP are that there is no perfect ERP system exists. We cannot say that any ERP death penalty is ever perfect. If two companies have the same ERP software but the implementation cannot be the same because every company has its own style of imple mentation. (Leon , 2008)SUPPLY filament MANAGEMENTSupply Chain Management is a network that is involved debauching, making, moving, selling and distribution. (Hugos, 2006)A supply chain is a network of facilities and distribution options that performs the functions of procural of materials, transformation of materials into intermediate and finished products and the distribution of these finished products to customers. (Hugos, 2006)BuyingMakingMoving productionhousingSellingSellingBuyingMakingMovinWarehousingFigure Supply Chain (Supplychain, 2010)2 Nikes Supply ChainNikes supply chain theme is centralization. All products designs, making and delivery is centralized from Beaverton, Oregon in the US. Nike operations were divided into five regions USA, Middle East, Africa, Asia and America which included Canada, Mexico and Latin and American countries. In 1975, Nike launched one program which is known as future program for managing its footgear products. In this program Nikes retailer s placed their orders before six months. Then these orders moved manufacturing units around the globe. The supply chain worked nicely at that time. Nike Company became spreading more and more globally. Nike felt that its supply chain needed rapid changes. The manufacturing process also became very complex because some models like Air Jordan Sneakers required 130 steps to manufacturing. In 1998 Nikes profit dropped down by 50% also shown in figure 5. Nike mentioned that they had problems with the existing supply chain systems. To defeat this problem Nike launched one project known as NSC (Nike Supply Chain) project. (Koch, 2004)Figure Profit dropped down by 50% (investment, 2010)This was a massive project in which the global operations were operated centralization to implement ERP, supply chain and customer relationship management on a single SAP system as shown in Table 1. Many changes were made various times to fix the supply chain and these changes created serious problems and in the result Nike had to move a consentaneous new system. (Royal, 2001)Table ENTERPRISE APPLICATION IMPLEMENTATION AT NIKE (CGT, 2010)CompanySolutionSAPERPi2PlanningSiebelCRMPeopleSoftHuman Capital Management (HR Systems)PTCProduct Data Management, Product Life Cycle managementSee BeyondApplication IntegrationMarc GlobeWarehouse Management SystemsHPUnix Serves Supporting all supply chain systemsIBMSystems integrators other professional services2.1 i2s Software Implementation2.1.1 BackgroundNikes supply chain theme is centralization. All products designs, making and delivery is centralized from Beaverton, Ore. The problem was that the supply chain was built for six months cycle which is also called future program. This future program was developed in 1975. At that time Nike made its market space because people at that time did not much care about the style or looks. Their attention was that they need technically advanced shoes which were steady and fit. (Koah, 2004)2.1.2 Need the i2 software for better supply chainNike got the global demand and its supply chain broken down because of the high demand from all over the globe. By 1998, Nike had 27 order management systems all over the globe which were poorly linked with Beaverton. Another problem with these systems was that these were highly customized. At that point Nike needed the ERP system which can handle the manufacturing cycle for up to six months. Nike also decided that the needed the systems which were centralized. For that reason the ERP software like SAPs R/3 software were better for the Nikes supply chain strategy. The software was included with i2 supply, demand and collaboration planner software applications. In the beginning of 1999 Nike decided to implement i2 software. I2 software implementation was the first part of NSC project. The cost of this project was US $40 million. (Koch, 2004)Table i2 SCM Proposed Benefits (Industrial Supply Chain management Solution -i2-Planning, 2010)SolutionObject ivealtercateCapabilityBenefitStrategicPlanningMaximize profitability by optimally allocating resourcesUnclear parametersOptimizationLong term profitabilityDemand managementAnticipate and influence demandAccurate demand estimation is difficultDemand planning, channel collaborationIm proved customer serviceSupply planning project what to make and when and how to profitably distribute supplySize and complexity of problemCollaboration, optimization,SpeedGlobal visibility and coordination , fast reaction to changesProductionDetermine what to produce and whenManaging material capacity tradeoffs is complexFast finite material capacity planning schedulingReduced inventorying,Improved due date performance2.1.3 Reasons of i2 software failureThere were many reasons for i2 failure. Nike did not show patience during the implementation of the first part of its NSC (Nike Supply Chain) project. Nike decided to install its i2 software while Nike was using its legacy systems. The legacy systems w ere highly customized. The i2 software also needed to be highly customized because they have to be operated by Nikes Legacy systems. Even one entry took too much time to be recorded by the i2 software. This problem was the unexpected setback. The main fault was that the system ignored some orders and made duplicate the other orders. The ordered data was also deleted after six to eight weeks when it was entered. It was impossible for the company to recall the order had asked to produce. The complications of NSC project are also one of the reasons of the failure. The i2 software failed in demand forecast as shown in the figure 6. In some places Nike has excess inventory and in shortage of inventory in other places. Because of i2 software failure Nikes profit dropped down by 50% from USD $798 million to US $399 million. (Koah, 2004)Figure i2 software failure (Koah, 2004)2.2 IMPLEMENTING SAP prune AND FOOTWEAR SOLUTION (AFS)Nike had decided to implement the SAP Apparel and footwear sol ution. AFS is a part of SAP ERP project. This software is based on SAP r/3 and especially for footwear industry. Nike chose to implement other SAP applications like SCM and (B/W) Business information warehouse. Nike is also considering the SAP Net weaver platform in near future. Figure 7 shows the sample structure of SAP Net Weaver Implementation. (Koah, 2004)Figure SAP Net Weaver Implementation (Koah, 2004)Nike did not implement the first version of AFS although Nike had purchased SAP AFS in 1998. This new version of SAP AFS was the base of NSC Project. The SAP module implementations at Nikes were Financial Control (FICO), Sales scattering (SD), Material Management (MM) and Production Planning (PP). These interfaced fully with Nikes i2 demand-planning and Siebel CRM software. (Koah, 2004)2.2.1 Strategy for implementing ERP systemNike adopted the Big Bang approach for implementing ERP software by installing all SAP components like planning order entry financials etc. all at once. This task had a high degree of integration between its footwear and apparel sectors. Because of SAP (AFS) the company took full control on both area footwear and apparel of supply chain from raw material until delivery. (Sussman, may 2004)In 2000, Nike Canada became a company which implemented SAP (AFS) along i2 applications and Siebel CRM. The software was used multiple HP enterprise servers because on HP-UC (1) 11 operating environment. HP was chosen because it had experience in SAP and i2 applications. (Sussman, May 2004)2.2.2 BenefitsNSC Project allowed the company to make build-to-order supply chain. Before implementing NSC project Nike purchased products from manufacturers about 9 to 10 months before and on the other hand Nikes retailers ordered for only 6 months. The project enabled Nike to shorten the time for footwear products from nine to six months because of implementing this NSC project. Now Nike can buy from partner factories on the base of actual requirements rather than forecast alone. Another benefit of this project was that it had directly benefited on the financial management. This project gave better integration between departments. (Barrett, 2003)According to Shelley Dewey, Vice president, Nike Supply Checain, The transition of business team members into IT savvy individuals and IT team members into business process experts was an unexpected bonus of the project effort. We are a much stronger team for having done this work. (Clark, July 2004)RecommendationsDuring late 1990 most companies avoided to implement ERP systems because of the huge cost and the project was time consume. But Nike has invested on ERP system and they proved that although they paid a huge cost for implementing ERP system but it worth a lot. We can also observe the complex of implementing ERP system from that if it was easy to implement ERP system then everybody did it at that time. Nike has implemented the NSC (Nike Supply Chain Project). But for this success Nike ha s paid a huge amount and time.Although the company has implemented SAP system but there was still problem that it did not accept direct point of sale (POS) data in integration with retailers data. The forecasting function is also less accurate because company knew only about the retailers buying and not have any information that what the customer buying. Nike has invested a lot on this project and now Nike has to make this system perfect because small bugs became a huge problem to fix.In the beginning of ERP implementation Nike had faced difficulties but now Nike has those approaches that many companies to follow that approach. But Nike has to aware consistently about the problem in ERP sectors and also makes changes its strategy in the future with market environment.

Trends in Housekeeping Departments in Hospitality

Trends in Ho characterkeeping Departments in HospitalityAN ESSSAY ON THE 5 TRENDS IN THE HOUSEKEEPING DEPARTMENT OF THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRYCHAPTER 1THE HOUSEKEEPING DEPARTMENT1.1 ABOUT HOUSEKEEPINGThe first thing that sources to our mind when we talk round(predicate) the word ho determinationkeeping is light-coloredliness. E really epoch we enter a five leash hotel, the reason why it still looks forward-looking and the same e real metre is because of the housework incision. These Housekeepers work day in and day out in shifts to maintain the standards of the hotel. The aesthetic appeal helps the invitee to form a first impression about the hotel.To run a successful hotel, the Housekeeping department plays a crucial role. Even when the hotels service is non up to the standards a clean environment or more specifically a clean room could bring back guests again.Even though the Housekeeping is not a tax revenue generating department, the executive housekeepers charter to c arefully plan the budget, so that the housekeeping department does not swallow grand funds that could be a potential pervert for the hotels future. The complementary kept in each room needs to be carefully monitored always.CHAPTER 2TRENDS IN THE HOUSEKEEPING DEPARTMENT2.1 KEEPING UP WITH THE CHANGES raceway a successful Housekeeping department is not an easy task. The Executive Housekeeper needs to be very flexible and spontaneous in dealing with guests. With so some websites coming up, which has eased the process of making reservations. The user is given the chance to compare the tariffs and then choose what suits him the best.However, the user also has the opportunity to submit reviews of guests who turn over already experienced the hospitality. The hotel needs to maintain their standards always. With increased market competition even small mistakes could lose guests. Since the appearance and cleanliness is the first thing guests talk about, the Housekeeping department need to be on their toes.CHAPTER 33. NEW TECHNIQUES FOR STAFF MANAGEMENT3.1 EFFECTIVE STAFF MANAGEMENTIn any hotel, managing supply is the biggest task faced by the employer. When it comes to the Housekeeping department it involves hard labor with long working hours. It is not easy to motivate the employees as it is monotonous and tiring. The focussing should always take the necessary steps to reduce the high employee turnover.Since the Housekeeping department is in charge of the hotel regarding the rooms and the general areas, at that place has to be complete co-ordination with the other departments so that the work flow is smooth and fast.3.2 OVERCOMING THE LANGUAGE BARRIERmost hotels employ lag who stubnot speak English. It is a coarse phenomenon in most hotels around the world. The staff would be professionals at their work but when it comes to communication, their skill would be lacking because of the lack of education. The staff would be very experienced and very skillful th ough.Since the Housekeepers are in direct contact with the hotel guests, communication is a key aspect. When the guest and a hotel staff find it hardened to communicate, it slows things. Communication is also required to co-ordinate with the other departments so that work flow is smooth. At the end of the day, effective communication is the key to success.3.3 NEW communicative TECHNIQUES FOLLOWEDMany hotels declare come up with interesting techniques of communication. This helps the staff to learn quickly and also grasp things easily. Since the staff are trained in these terms, they shekels relating to it and slowly learn.a. COLOUR CODINGHotels nowadays, are using colour codings to differentiate between the various chemicals and wiping products apply to clean different areas. The staff can co-relate the colour to the specific wiping product.b. NUMBERINGThe other option used by hotels is where certain common problems are pre-numbered. This way the staff just need to see which pr oblem comes under what number and they could work with ease. Other training facilities are also available.3.4 THE BENEFITS The work flow in the hotel becomes easier. Leads to effective Housekeeping planning. The staff get to learn things fast.CHAPTER 44. LIGHTING IN HOTELSLighting plays a very crucial role in any hotel. It actually has the power to steel a place look beautiful if it is done to perfection. Hotels need to be lit up always whether guests are coming or not as long as they are open. The lighting companies spend a penny come a long way, from the time of halogen bulbs to todays LED strips.When we talk about lighting, they consider it as an investment for the hotel. The lighting can sometimes even hide the mistakes done by the Housekeeping department or vice versa. Hotels concentrate a lot on the lighting.4.1 DIFFERENT KINDS OF LIGHTINGThe lighting in hotels has seen a lot of changes in the past few years. The LED strips have taken the lime light of lighting. Even though they are expensive, hotels have understood that their benefits far outweigh the exists. However, with further improvisation hotels have come up with this new idea of using ceiling motion sensor lighting. They in turn help in reducing the be of the hotel even more.a. PIE diagram SHOWING THE ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BY HOTELS4.2 CEILING MOTION SENSOR LIGHTINGa) About ceiling sensor motion lightingVarious statistics have proven that lighting takes up 30 percent of the energy in hotels. However LED lighting have helped in reducing the energy white plague in a large level, ceiling motion sensor lighting have helped hotels to save energy even further. However these sensors reduce the life of the lights marginally but significantly increase the longevity of the lamps.These motion sensors work either through infrared signals or ultrasonic waves. They work according to motion or difference in the body temperature.4.3 THE ADVANTAGES These sensors help in reducing the energy consumed in les s used areas. The Housekeeping staff need not batter off the lights when they are done as they automatically work. The light would appropriately fall only on the areas where the guest needs. It has proven been that the life of the bulb increases. Reduces the working(a) cost of the hotel.4.4 LIMITATIONS The life of the bulb is reduced marginally because they turn on and off regularly.4.5 substance abuserSMany hotels feel that this motion sensor has helped them in a huge way because it helps in saving energy in areas which arent in use that often. Especially in very large hotels where the public areas are not used. The savings in light energy help hotels to increase their earnings in net income by 2 percent. And in a country like the United States, where hotels is the third largest industry these trends help the hotels in a huge way.CHAPTER 55. THE CHANGES IN MINIBARTiny fridges found in hotel rooms stocked up with alcoholic beverages, canned juices and aerated drinks are called as minibars. They can be found in almost every hotel. It used to be a luxury but as time went by almost all hotels started having minibars in their rooms. No one chicanes why the products found in the room are very expensive. However most of the time they are outdated or spoilt.In almost every halalty the minibars are managed by the Housekeepers because they go to the room on a daily basis and also avoids fights between the FB and Housekeeping department. There would be a lot of theft by staff and they would blame each other. In order to avoid this many hotels have come up with new ideas to overcome this problem.5.1 MINIBARS GOING EXTINCTLately, many hotels all over the world have slowly stopped providing guests with minibars in the room. These minibars proved to be costly and managing them was very exhaustive. Many guests do not use the minibar facilities as they are priced very high.5.2 NEW TRENDS IN MINIBARMany hotels nowadays have come up with new ideas that reduce the cost of ma intaining the minibars. These new trends proved to be useful as they also increased the revenue of the hotel.5.3 THE CONCEPT OF FEED THE FRIDGEA famous five star hotel chain in Orlando has come up with this unique concept called FEED THE FRIDGE. In this program the hotel has completely stopped filling up the minibars with goodies and beverages. rather the hotel asks the guests what he/she would prefer before their arrival. This new initiative by the hotel was very different compared to other hotels as it also reduced the burden on the Housekeeping department.The hotel also offers the guest with various packages, where the guests can pre order during reservation. This way the guest can choose what they want and use. A Sparkling wine package, which would allow champagne with a choice of cheese and crackers. Night at the movies, this includes beer, water or wine with popcorn and a chocolate bar. Energizer, this package come with three energy drinks for the guest and costs $15. Card s hark, comes with a pack of cards and a six pack beer. This costs the guest $18.5.4 USERS VIEWAccording to the hotels executive Mr. Menelik Tefera, this program proved to be very useful. It cut down the hotels cost by $500.00 on a monthly basis. This also helped the hotel in avoiding fights between different departments. He feels this initiative by the hotel has also improved the revenue of in room dining.CHAPTER-66. agency CLEANING EQUIPMENTS6.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF CLEAN ROOMSRooms are a major source of revenue for hotels. They in fact are the hotels mass source of income. Even if a hotel has clean rooms it can attract a lot of guests and repeat guest. It need not be part of a very big chain of hotels too. People travelling all over the world are looking for rooms at standard prices and hygienic rooms. dandy and hygienic rooms play a crucial role in the guests experience at a hotel. It is important that the hotel takes utmost brilliance for this aspect. Negative remarks through wor d of mouth can bring down a hotel.6.2 CLEANING EQUIPMENTSOver the years there have been improvements for the housekeeping department that made clean of rooms faster and easier. With the increase in demand for rooms, the need to clean the room quickly and sell is very crucial. Since there are many hotels, the need to maintain good guest relations is very important.Many companies have come out with renderments that has made maintenance and cleaning easy for the housekeepers. One such company called DUPLEX SOLUTIONS.6.3 DUPLEX SOLUTIONSThis company came up with a unique technology that cleans rooms quickly using run dry steam at very high temperatures. These equipments are specialized to clean specific areas. Even though cleaning is a very time consuming job, this equipment reduces the time to clean a room.a. KEY FEATURES It is very fast and efficient. Cleans the surface at very high temperatures using microfiber technology. It also dries the floor very quickly and does not involve any chemicals. Room cleaning is done at 155 degree Celsius and 94 percent dry steam and deodorizing. This helps the hotel to equip itself for any huge outbreaks. These equipments are used for outdoor cleaning as well.b. AREA OF USE Upholstery of chairs and sofas. Mattresses and beds. Curtains and drapes. Spills and bed bugs on carpets. Hard floors. Bathroom can be cleaned in 4 minutes.CHAPTER 77. LAUNDRY DEPARTMENT7.1 ABOUT LAUNDRYOne of the major divisions under the Housekeeping department is the laundry service. distinguishable hotels follow various methods of processing their laundry. Laundry includes both the guests clothes and the hotels linen. The maintenance of laundry is very crucial for hotels. It involves huge costs and hotels need to make sure that these costs dont exceed the hotels budget.7.2 TRENDS IN LAUNDRYThe laundry department has been seeing various changes over the years. Most hotels either choose in house laundry or it is outsourced to other cleaners. According to the hotels budget whichever method is adopted. Other than this, big hotels need to have a proper count of their linen. They need to make sure that loss or theft is minimized. Other problems in hotels is maintaining these linen sheets. Due to the use of chemicals and detergents, the linen lose their look and texture. This would in turn cause huge operational costs for the hotel.A few trends adopted in hotels are1. Advanced dry wash techniques (Green Practices).2. Hotel linen tracking system.7.3 ADVANCED WASHING TECHNIQUESa. XEROS BEAD CLEANING (ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY PRACTICE)This company specializes in making washing machines which help hotels to clean linen in a very eco-friendly manner. They have come up with a unique technology through which the linen are washed through polymer technology. Even though water is the primary resource used for cleaning, this technology enhances the water used and helps in reducing the amount of water used compared to the regular washing machines.b . THE BENEFITS It helps in reducing the costs for hotels. The amount of water used is very less compared to regular machines. Increases the life of linens which is the primary problems faced by hotels. A very new and innovative technique for washing the linen.C. LIMITATIONS The hotels needs to have an in house washing facility. Hence this facility can be used in huge hotels who have the money to invest.d. COMPARISON BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL AND XEROS CLEANING7.4 HOTEL LINEN TRACKING SYSTEMHotels need to make sure that the linen are right managed. If not the hotel would incur high operational costs which would pull down the net profit. Many large scale hotels need to keep a proper tracking management system. This would help them in the long run.a. KEY TONES USE of RFIDAmong the various companies, key tone came up with the unique use of RFID. This technology helps the hotel to track down the linen. It shows a detailed description of where the linen is being dispatched. This way the House keeper can keep track of his linen. Bad linen management is the major problem is small scale hotels. This technology helps the hotel to come out of this problem.b. THE BENEFITS The hotel can keep track of their stock of linen. Reducing the cost of laundry because they know exactly the number of clean linen available. It leads to successful Housekeeping planning and puts less pressure on the Housekeepers. This technology generates various reports like linen stock-take report, linen discard report, shrinkage report and many more.c. LIMITATIONS The use of this technology would be high for hotels because individual sheets needs to be marked.CHAPTER 88. SUMMARYIn this essay I have tried covering the various aspects of the Housekeeping department namely, overcoming the language barrier, innovative machines for cleaning rooms and maintaining the linen, the variation of lighting and new approaches adopted by hotels.All the topics I have chosen are encompassing around better planning for H ousekeeping trading operations for example, innovative equipments available for cleaning rooms and maintaining linens, improving guest amenities supplies by starting innovative programs and finally improving guest scene by employing and training staff in an innovative way and providing the guests with the best lighting.

The Transformation of Ishmael in Snow Falling on Cedars :: Snow Falling Cedars Essays

The Transformation of pariah in Snow Falling on CedarsWhat can be utter well-nigh a novel of such luminance as Snow Falling on Cedars that has not already been said? Certainly it is a work of much vision and insight and speaks volumes about prejudice and race. The wordplay of Guterson creates a world of vivid reality-it surrounds the reader with sights, smells and a intelligibly defined sense of touch. Perhaps lost amidst the smells of the strawberry fields, the cold of the winter storm, and the deep social statements about the nature and quirkiness of prejudice is the fact that this beautifully crafted story of immense complexity is in reality a very simple story about the identity of one man. Guterson himself says, Post-modernism is dead because it didnt address human needs. The conventional story endures because it does. Im interested in themes that endure from generation to generation (qtd. in Kanner). This book is a conventional story, a simple story about the internal battle of Ishmael Chambers as he struggles with himself. This is made evident in the subtle and not too subtle comparisons made surrounded by Ishmael and other characters. Taking all of this into account reveals that the true theme of the book centers on the transformation of Ishmael from weak to strong.First, who is Ishmael Chambers? He is the son of a very well-respected and prominent citizen of San Piedro, Arthur Chambers. When Arthur dies, Ishmael takes over the job as the local news reporter. He is introduced into the story as a diarist in the trial of Kabuo Miyamoto and appears to remain aloof, a passive third person eye that would analyze the information impartially. In addition to being a reporter, Ishmael is also a war veteran with a missing limb as a souvenir to boot. The reader gets the feeling that Ishmael plays a secondary and minor role in the upcoming plot. This, however, is false. As the book gathers momentum, it becomes increasingly clear that Ishmael t ies into the fabric of the outcome of the story-from the childhood and young adult fancy between Hatsue and him, to the emotional scene where his arm is amputated, to the final climax where he discovers the evidence that can clear Kabuos name, Ishmael is the crux on which the storyline hinges.

Bob Dylan Essay -- essays research papers

Regarding significant tuneful movements in history, more specific every last(predicate)y the twenty first century, few were more central than the household revolution that took shape in the mid-nineteen hundreds. One of the leaders of this revolution was Robert Allen Zimmerman, known by his popular assumed name, Bob Dylan. Born in 1941 in Minnesota, Dylan grew up the grandchild of Jewish-Russian immigrants and had a surprisingly unexceptional childhood. His interest in music became evident in his high school years when he taught himself basic flaccid and guitar. From these rudimentary skills Dylan would build his knowledge and experience in music to his present status as a forefather of folk music in the judder era. Accordingly, a vocal from the pinnacle of his career embodies his style and poetic capabilities, acting as a reference point of the music it followed and the music that was to come. Sad eye Lady of the Lowland is an unmistakably remarkable example of the work of Bo b Dylan in his finest hour. To fully understand the influence of Bob Dylan on the American folk revolution and his importance in the pop culture of todays youth, one must first understand his background and development musically. First of all Bob Dylan was born in Minnesota, not a particular hub of musical activity. Author Bob Spitz makes a good point c at oncerning Dylans birthplace. History has taught us that no matter how we change the environment it is impossible to change the man...After all, anybody is as their land and air is....If that is so, it is no wonder that Bob Dylan became such a aglow(predicate) amalgam of showmanship and aloofness, spirituality and desolation, eloquence and exaggeration, individuality and schizophrenia. These seesawing extremes, among others, are indigenous to the historical landscape of northern Minnesota. (Spitz 9) For others this might have been a setback but for Dylan it was the perfective tense environment to nurture his interests, in music sp ecifically. At the age of ten he was writing poems and by thirteen was setting them to music with self-taught piano and guitar skills. Dylans interest in music continued to climb as he entered Hibbing High School. During his high school years Dylan would become involved in musical productions and attempt forming many bands with such names as the Golden Chords and Elston Gunn and His Rock Bop... ...calls streetcar visions, a direct reference to Tennessee Williams play A Street elevator car Called Desire. The symbolism continues throughout the song and is accompanied with music that, while not the best of his career, still defined the American folk sound. The music is acoustic once again after he made a brief stint recording with bands and electric guitars. The melody is simple and flows throughout the pieces septenary minute length. There is minimal background accompaniment but what does exist advances the rhythm of the song. Truly it is Dylans voice that is the essence of the song . His raspy, nasal sound gives the song character that it definitely would not have minus his vocals. The best information I can provide someone who is interested in the work of Dylan is to originate any of his early albums and listen to what todays music started as. The folk movement of the late nineteen fifties and early sixties was led by a man who overcame a humble upbringing and, through hard work, created for himself the life he desired to live. His music is revered as classic and at the same time historical. His song, Sad Eyed Lady of the Lowlands, is a testament to that.